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The quality of drinking-water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Assurance of drinking-water safety is a foundation for the prevention and control of waterborne diseases.

An important fraction of the burden of water-related diseases (in particular: water-related vector-borne diseases)

is attributable to the way water resources are developed and managed.

In many parts of the world the adverse health impacts of water pollution, dam construction, irrigation development and flood control cause significant preventable disease.

WHO’s Water, Sanitation and Health Programme focuses on:

• Water resource quality
• Health impact assessment
• Intersectoral collaboration
• Environmental management

It also explores options to integrate health risk assessment and management into strategies and programmes for nature conservation, in particular of wetlands, and for the promotion of biological diversity.

Water, sanitation and hygiene have important impacts on both health and disease.

Water-related diseases include:

• those due to micro-organisms and chemicals in water people drink;
• diseases like schistosomiasis which have part of their lifecycle in water;
• diseases like malaria with water-related vectors;
• drowning and some injuries;
• and others such as legionellosis carried by aerosols containing certain micro-organisms.

Water also contributes to health, for example through hygiene.

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